21/01/2026
đ´ đĸđĻđ đđŽđđ˛đŋđ & đđđđŽđ°đ¸đ đ´
đđŽđđ˛đŋ đŗ â đđŊđŊđšđļđ°đŽđđļđŧđģ
âĄī¸ Provides services directly to end-user applications like browsers, email, and APIs.
â ī¸ Application Attacks: SQL Injection, XSS, file inclusion, and other application-level exploits.
đđŽđđ˛đŋ đ˛ â đŖđŋđ˛đđ˛đģđđŽđđļđŧđģ
âĄī¸ Responsible for data formatting, encryption, compression, and translation.
â ī¸ Encryption-Related Attacks: SSL/TLS downgrade attacks, weak encryption exploitation.
đđŽđđ˛đŋ đą â đĻđ˛đđđļđŧđģ
âĄī¸ Manages session establishment, maintenance, and termination between systems.
â ī¸ Session Hijacking: Attackers take over active sessions to impersonate legitimate users.
đđŽđđ˛đŋ đ° â đ§đŋđŽđģđđŊđŧđŋđ
âĄī¸ Ensures reliable or best-effort data delivery using TCP and UDP.
â ī¸ Transport-Layer Attacks: TCP SYN floods, UDP floods, and port-based attacks.
đđŽđđ˛đŋ đ¯ â đĄđ˛đđđŧđŋđ¸
âĄī¸ Handles logical addressing and routing of data packets across networks.
â ī¸ Network-Layer Attacks: IP spoofing, ICMP abuse, routing manipulation.
đđŽđđ˛đŋ đŽ â đđŽđđŽ đđļđģđ¸
âĄī¸ Manages MAC addressing and frame delivery within the same network segment.
â ī¸ Layer 2 Attacks: ARP spoofing, MAC spoofing, VLAN hopping.
đđŽđđ˛đŋ đ â đŖđĩđđđļđ°đŽđš
âĄī¸ Deals with the physical transmission of data through cables, signals, and hardware.
â ī¸ Physical Attacks: Cable tapping, hardware tampering, unauthorized physical access.
For Daily Security Updates, Follow: Md. Al Amin Khandaker