08/24/2025
This is the Ratsnake (Pantherophis species). It's a harmless Colubrid, and likely one of the most common snakes that is seen.
This is a large species, reaching a maximum of 91 inches in total body length. This species is also one of the most variable of all snakes in the United States. The base color can be gray, yellow, black, or a bit greenish. In the Eastern part of their range, they can even be striped. Most often they will have a series of dorsal blotches that are a bit star shaped, or they may just be a solid black color. The ventral of these snakes can be white or cream, with mottling visible, or dark with light speckles. The scales are weakly keeled. The ventrals in this species are bent 90 degrees, giving the body an arched shape in cross section.
Males are larger than females, with relatively longer tails, fewer ventrals, and more subcaudal scales.
Ratsnakes are found in a wide variety of habitats, such as hardwood forests, pine forests, fields, suburban areas, abandoned buildings, and are known to come inside of residences on occasion. This species is largely diurnal, but can occasionally be seen during the night.
This species matures at 35 inches, and breeding typically occurs in April, May, or June. Eggs are laid in June, July, or August, with a clutch size of up to 28. The eggs are white and oblong, and are not adhered together, and are laid in old stumps, compost piles, sand, or under logs. The eggs hatch at around 60 to 65 days.
This species is fairly generalistic in its diet. It's been known to consume rodents, birds, reptile and bird eggs, frogs, and lizards. They are a powerful constrictor.
If approached, this species may get into a defensive posture and try to strike, or they may kink their body and try to remain unseen. If handled, they will often release a foul smelling musk, and they will occasionally try to bite. This is individual though, as I've held many different specimens with them not attempting to bite. They are non-venomous, and harmless to humans.
Taxonomy is a bit of a headache with this species, so I kept this at a general description. Under current taxonomy, much of the Eastern US has areas of uncertainty, where Central and Eastern Ratsnakes may intergrade.
This species is considered common throughout it's range. 🐍 🐍 🐍