01/03/2022
Theory of mind is the ability to attribute mental states to others. We constantly depend on the beliefs we hold about the mental states and thought processes of others. Consider the very ability to maintain a conversation, and the amount we must assume with regard to the way the person we are communicating with is interpreting us. We might rarely reflect on these assumptions that we consistently make about others, yet they are always there.
It really shouldn't be surprising that other animals also have theory of mind, yet it is often considered controversial to maintain such. And those animals who have exhibited evidence of theory of mind are considered to be highly intelligent anomalies. Corvids, such as this American crow, are one such case. They have shown evidence of theory of mind through behaviors around caching (hiding) of food. They seem to assume the mental states of other crows. Namely, they seem to interpret that other crows would steal their food were they not to hide it.
While the example of caching as evidence of theory of mind is compelling, what's more interesting to me is that we feel the need to design elaborate tests to put these animals through to find out something that perhaps we should have given more probability to in the first place. This is not to say that we shouldn't attempt to learn more about the minds of other animals, but rather to ask if it might be more empathetic and productive to err more on the side that they have such capacities rather than assume that most do not.
American crow — Newport, Oregon
June, 2021