15/09/2026
Theyyam is often presented through images of colour, costume, spectacle and ritual.
But what happens when we look beyond the spectacle?
What happens when we understand Theyyam through caste, memory, ancestry, land and power?
Kerala has a long history of caste hierarchy, where oppressed communities were denied access to spaces, resources and forms of authority that were reserved for those higher in the social order.
Within Theyyam, that order can be temporarily disrupted.
The performer becomes the deity.
A body that has historically been placed at the margins becomes a body of sacred authority.
People come before them, make offerings, seek blessings and listen.
But Theyyam is not only about this temporary reversal.
It is also about remembering.
Many performances carry stories of ancestors, communities, local histories, land and past struggles. These histories are not only preserved through written records. They survive through bodies, movement, music, costume, oral tradition and ritual.
This matters because whose history gets recorded — and whose history gets dismissed as “myth”, “folklore” or “tradition” is also a question of power.
A decolonial reading of Theyyam asks us to take these forms of knowledge seriously.
Not as something exotic to be photographed.
Not as a colourful relic of the past.
But as a living practice through which communities continue to remember, transmit knowledge and maintain lineage.
The body becomes an archive.
The ritual becomes a way of carrying history.
And continuing the tradition becomes a way of refusing erasure.
At the same time, we shouldn’t romanticise Theyyam as if it has somehow abolished caste. The ritual is temporary, and the caste structures outside it continue to shape people’s lives.
Perhaps that tension is what makes Theyyam so powerful.
It doesn’t simply show us a different world.
For a moment, it performs one.
And in doing so, it asks us to reconsider who gets to hold knowledge, who gets to be sacred, whose history gets remembered and who gets to tell it.