10/04/2012
Tiriyó Indians and DC-3 in the northern Amazon
In 1969 Manfried was invited for the first time by the Brazilian Military to go on a medical supply trip with a DC-3 into the Amazon at the border between Brazil and Suriname to visit some small villages of Tiriyó Indians and missionaries who where living there to teach the Christian education as well as giving medical care and support. The DC-3 could land in the grass lands of the savannah in the border area of North-Brazil close to their village, which the Tiriyó had set up close to a small river. As in principle no foreigners was allowed into the area the villagers only knew the military doctors and the Franciscan monk, and were extremely friendly to the visitor. The cacique working on his bow he used for hunting gave him small presents, allowed photos and invited him to see their homes.
“The Tiriyó (also known as Trio) usually call themselves tarëno, etymologically 'people from here, local people'. They are approximately 1.151 (in Brazil) und 1.845 (in Suriname; in 2006) and live in several major villages and a number of minor villages in the border zone between Brazil and Suriname.”
“The first recorded encounter was by Robert Schomburgk in 1843. Until the late 1950s contact remained sporadic because there was no permanent White settlement in the region. Then, almost simultaneously on both sides of the frontier, airstrips were cut and permanently manned by a few non-Indians. From the Trio point of view the most important event that took place at that time was the arrival of two missionary organizations, a Franciscan mission in Brazil and a U.S. Protestant group in Suriname.”
The policies pursued by these two groups are very different. While the north American Protestants tried to actively convert the natives into “Christians”, the Franciscan missionary from Germany took a extremely moderate, liberal approach: he respected their traditional way of living without interfering in their live-style, their traditions and pagan worships. He had built, though, a small cabin in traditional Tiriyó style, but without walls, where he practiced his catholic service on Sundays. Thus the Tiriyó could observe him, while he sang his corals, practised his ceremonies, and gradually some curious natives joined him.
“There is also a difference in civil status afforded to the Indians by the respective nations. In Suri-name the Indian is a full citizen of the country with the right to vote and to pensions and welfare ben-efits, but the Indian's right to land is not guaranteed since all land is owned by the state. In Brazil the Indian is still a minor, but at the moment the Trio live in a park in which their right to land is guaran-teed. In describing Trio culture, however, it is necessary to bear in mind that many features of their society and culture have been transformed since the late 1950s by external influences. The word "traditional" as used in the following description refers to the period prior to then.
The Trio are slash-and burn cultivators, hunters, and gatherers. In Suriname agricultural practices have remained relatively unaffected, but in Brazil change has resulted from mechanization and the introduction of new crops, such as rice. Hunting was traditionally with bow and arrow, but now fi****ms are generally used.
Traditional commercial activities were limited to trading, but in the second half of the twentieth century there have been periods in Suriname when wage labour for government and other agencies, either in Trio territory or elsewhere, has been available. In Brazil a system of paid agricultural work has been introduced. Most Trio are now familiar with the use of money, and they are increasingly in need of a regular cash income in order to obtain supplies of shotgun cartridges, electric batteries, and fuel for outboard motors.
Traditional crafts included pottery, basketwork, and woodwork. The first of these declined as pottery items have been replaced by metal objects, but the other two continue to form an important part of Trio technology and material culture.”
Information found on the following websites:
http://wikipedia.org
http://pib.socioambiental.org/en/povo/tiriyo
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Trio.aspx
http://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Trio.html