Eye sight

10/01/2025

Big shout out to my newest top fans! Suvranil Mishra

09/29/2025

# Epithelial Bullae after Cataract surgery:

Epithelial bullae after cataract surgery as pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK), are painful, fluid-filled blisters on the cornea resulting from the irreversible damage to the corneal endothelium, the vital pump that keeps the cornea clear. This endothelial damage, a complication of cataract surgery (especially phacoemulsification), leads to corneal swelling (edema) that eventually causes the overlying epithelial layer to separate and form these bullae. Symptoms include pain, redness, watering, and worsening vision, and the condition may require hypertonic drops, therapeutic contact lenses, or ultimately corneal transplantation.

Causes

Endothelial Trauma: Damage to the corneal endothelium from surgical instruments, the intraocular lens (IOL), or excessive ultrasound energy (phaco power) is a primary cause.

Pre-existing Conditions: Patients with conditions like Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy have a lower endothelial cell count and are at higher risk.

Severe post-operative inflammation or infection can also contribute.

Technical Issues: Improper placement of surgical tools, like the phaco probe, can cause the epithelium to lift and form a bubble during surgery.

Symptoms

Pain and Discomfort: Ruptured epithelial bullae expose corneal nerve endings, leading to pain.

Vision Loss: Corneal edema can cause blurry vision and glare.

Eye redness and excess watering are common symptoms.

Treatment. :

Conservative Management:

Hypertonic Agents: Topical hypertonic drops or ointments, such as 5% sodium chloride, are used to draw fluid out of the swollen cornea.

Cycloplegics and Antiglaucoma Drugs: These medications may be used to manage symptoms.

Therapeutic Contact Lenses: These can help relieve discomfort and protect the eye surface.

Surgical Treatment:

Corneal Transplantation: In severe or irreversible cases, a corneal transplant is the last option.


Rabisankar Maity
Eye sight

09/28/2025

CSCR : Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
# OCT imaging:
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC or CSCR), also known as central serous retinopathy (CSR), is an eye disease that causes visual impairment, often temporary, usually in one eye.When the disorder is active it is characterized by leakage of fluid under the retina that has a propensity to accumulate under the central macula. This results in blurred or distorted vision (metamorphopsia). A blurred or gray spot in the central visual field is common when the retina is detached. Reduced visual acuity may persist after the fluid has disappeared.

09/27/2025

# Epiretinal membrane :
Epiretinal membrane or macular pucker is a disease of the eye in response to changes in the vitreous humor or more rarely, diabetes. Sometimes, as a result of immune system response to protect the retina, cells converge in the macular area as the vitreous ages and pulls away in posterior vitreous detachment.

sight

09/27/2025

Next topic :

1) History taking of comprehensive eye work up ?

please raise your hand ✋ to learn more about taking taking......

sight is always with you 🙏

09/27/2025

09/27/2025

# Macular Hole ( OCT imaging) :
Macular hole is a small gap or circular opening that forms in the macula, the central area of the retina where light focuses. It's a vitreoretinal disease that can cause blurred, distorted, or wavy vision, and a dark spot in the center of vision. The degree of vision loss depends on the hole's size, location, and development stage. Macular holes don't lead to complete blindness and only affect central vision, leaving peripheral vision intact.

09/26/2025

Subluxated Intraocular lens (PC-IOL):

Subluxated intraocular lens (IOL) in the vitreous cavity means the artificial lens from a previous cataract surgery has become dislodged and moved partially or fully into the jelly-like vitreous fluid at the back of the eye. This condition can cause sudden vision loss and requires an urgent referral to an eye specialist for diagnosis and treatment. Management may involve a pars plana vitrectomy to retrieve the IOL, followed by fixation of the existing lens or insertion of a new one, or alternative options for repositioning if partially dislocated.

Causes

Trauma:Direct or indirect injury to the eye can weaken the supporting structures holding the IOL.

Underlying eye conditions:Conditions like uveitis, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, or certain connective tissue disorders can predispose an IOL to dislocation.

Weakened IOL fixation:Over time, the mechanisms holding the IOL in place can degenerate.

Symptoms

Sudden onset of blurred or decreased visionis a common and urgent sign.

Eye painand other symptoms like inflammation (uveitis) can also occur.

Diagnosis

Urgent specialist referral:A patient with this symptom should be sent to an ophthalmologist right away.

Slit lamp examination:This is a key diagnostic tool used by specialists to visualize the IOL's position in the eye.

B-scan ultrasound or OCT:These imaging techniques can also help confirm the IOL's location within the vitreous cavity.

Management :

Pars plana vitrectomy:If the IOL has dislocated into the vitreous cavity, a pars plana vitrectomy (a surgical procedure to remove vitreous gel) is performed to retrieve the lens.

09/25/2025

Color Coding in ophthalmology :🔴🟠🟡🟢🟣🟤⚫⚪🟠

Color coding in ophthalmology is a visual system for documenting and standardizing information about eye conditions and treatments, especially in drawings of the anterior segment and fundus. Common colors are used to represent specific findings, such as red for blood vessels, yellow for infiltrates, and blue for edema, helping to quickly interpret pathology, track disease progression, and educate trainees.

09/25/2025

Please like, share & follow this page for more interesting knowledge....