12/09/2026
To us, it’s a tail. To a researcher, it’s a , a passport and sometimes a record of an entire life.
A humpback’s tail is called its fluke, and it can reach about 5.5 metres (18 ft) across. The two sides end in pointed tips, while the trailing edge has its own pattern of little notches and irregularities.
The really fascinating part is underneath. Every humpback has a unique combination of black-and-white pigmentation, scars, shape and markings on its fluke, essentially a whale fingerprint. Researchers photograph these tails and use them to recognize the same whale years later, sometimes thousands of kilometres away. That allows scientists to reconstruct migration routes, relationships, reproductive histories and even aspects of an individual whale’s health without ever touching it. [NOAA]